Macular degeneration refers to a number of serious eye problems affecting central vision and more specifically, the macula. The macula is a tiny – but crucial – part of the retina located on the back of the eye; it is imperative that the macula be healthy if vision is to be clear. However, sometimes the macula begins to break down, develop excess blood vessels, hemorrhage, detach, form holes, and otherwise degenerate, all of which can blur vision and eventually, if left untreated, destroy vision. But on a positive note, very few patients lose all vision: many are left with significant peripheral vision that allows them to still lead somewhat normal lives.
There are two main types of macular degeneration: wet and dry. Wet macular degeneration, also called the disciform type, affects central vision and can sometimes be treated with laser surgery. Dry macular degeneration, also called the atrophic type, does not respond to laser treatment.